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Showing posts with label brain. Show all posts
Showing posts with label brain. Show all posts
Tuesday, March 15, 2011
Monday, March 14, 2011
Mind training brain memory IQ focus concentration speed read
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Sunday, March 13, 2011
Benefit From Cognitive Training Benefits Can Be Predicted
Cognitive performance can be improved, but people do vary in ability.
A study recently showed that the brain activity in the dorsal striatum part of the brain at the beginning learning a complex video game could accurately predict improvement. In the study, 34 young people with little experience in video games play were taught to play a complex video game. After initial instruction, they played the game while their brains were being scanned. For approximately 38 days, they completed 10 two-hour training sessions, playing the game without the scanner. A second fMRI scan similar to the first one was then done.
The results showed that the patterns of activity in the dorsal striatum recorded before the start of training were very predictive of the success at excelling at the video game. It was found that the activity in the dorsal striatum was higher for the better learners than for the poorer learners. The correlation between improvement in score and activity in this brain region was significant.
The poor and good learners differ in their level of activity in the dorsal striatum and also in the activity patterns in this brain region. This data allowed the researchers to predict which subjects would be good learners just by observing their brain activity before the training sessions began.
Interestingly, training with the same video game (Space Fortress) has been shown to improve flight control proficiency in novice pilots. Since training can be costly, both in both cost and time factors, being able to determine before training who would benefit the most from it could lower training expense.
These results are important also for those wanting to boost specific mind performance areas such as attention, memory, etc. The best brain training should be tailored to the individual and their objectives. Being able to determine what kind of training would benefit the person the most would be very helpful in deciding which training to use.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Meditation - Can It Change the Structure of the Brain?
New studies show that meditation can modify, literally, the structure of brains in ways that could stimulate the concentration, increase memory and affect emotions positively.
The results seem to be enticing enough. A large part of this research was done on people who have meditated for 1000s of hours for many years. Some have done so for 10000 hours or more. Pretty intimidating!
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In addition, a new study provides some hope - and makes the benefits of meditation seem obtainable even for a beginner like me. The study, published in the Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroimaging suggests that meditating for only 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks can increase the density matter of gray in the regions of the brain associated with memory, stress and empathy.
People who have been participating in the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, which leads participants through meditation exercises to strengthen the skills of mindfulness - moment by moment thoughts, feelings and sensations of body and surrounding environment reported feeling less stress and more positive emotions and people who have chronic illnesses that they experience less pain.
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But in this study, researchers were not only asking the participants how they felt. They had their brains examined, two weeks before and just after the program for eight weeks. During the same period, they also scanned the brains of the people who has not received the MBSR training.
Participants MBSR - none of them were experienced meditators - reported spending a little less than half an hour per day on their meditation "homework." Yet when their brains were scanned at the program, their grey matter was thicker than before - significantly - in several regions.
One of these areas was the hippocampus, that prior research has found to be involved in the learning, the memory and the regulation of our emotions. The hippocampus grey matter is often reduced for people which have depression and disorder of post-traumatic stress (PTSD).
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The researchers also found more dense grey matter in the tempero-perietal junction and the posterior cingulate cortex brain meditators - regions involved in empathy and taking the perspective of someone else - and in the cerebellum, which has been linked to the regulation of the emotion.
These changes in the brain may show that meditation improves the ability to regulate emotions, control levels of stress and feel empathy to others, says Britta Hölzel, main author of the study and a fellow of the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Geissen University in Germany research team. However, it was stressed that these conclusions are still very speculative.
The group who was not receiving the MBSR training showed no positive changes in brain structure.
Previous research has shown that the structure of the brain of very experienced meditators is different from non-meditators in certain regions, but it could not be proven that the meditators did not first have exceptional brains. It's the first study to document a difference in the structure of the brain before someone starts a meditation practice compared to after.
This new study results offer more evidence for the "plasticity" of the brain, meaning it can change its shape over time. We can fundamentally improve our cognitive and emotional capacities.
"I think what is really positive and promising about this study is that it suggests our well-being is in our hands," said Hölzel.
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It was noted that meditation is not the way only way tested which produced these changes in the brain. Another study published recently concluded that people's hippocampus increased in volume after they had travelled around a track three times per week for a year; in comparison to peers who had less exercise aerobically. Their hippocampus actually became smaller.
The result of this research seems to be that small steps matter. Many of us can bring positive effects of increasing brain memory and well-being - and it can be done without HUGE effort.
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